Most countries in the world, especially the leading exporters, employ a variety of measures to restrict access to their domestic poultry markets. For example, four of the six largest exporters, only allow less than 1% of their consumption to be imported. Hungary imports less than 5% of consumption. The other large exporter, which only just joined the WTO, imports 25% of it's consumption.

USA	< 1%
Brazil	< 1%
EU	< 1%
Thailand	< 1%
Hungary	< 5%
China	> 25%

Apart from the countries which import a large part of their consumption such as and former soviet republics like Russia (65%), the middle eastern states like Saudi Arabia (50%), Japan (30%), and Nigeria (25%), most countries import only a small part of their consumption, i.e. less than 1 -10%. In the FTAA all countries import less than 5% of consumption except Canada (13%) and Mexico (10%). In particular USA and Brazil imports less than 1%. CARICOM imports 35% of broiler consumption, and on a percentage basis, is one of the largest importers of poultry products in the word and certainly in the FTAA.

Many countries employ a variety of tariff measures to defend their local industries. While Tariffs and Tariff-Rate-Quota systems are WTO compatible they must be seen as parts of a basket of policies including domestic supports, export competition and sophisticated SPS measures to defend industries, for which developed countries have negotiated the right and have the means to offer their poultry industries vastly more "special and differential treatment" than do developing countries with under-developed industries.

High Simple and Specific Tariffs - Some use relatively high tariffs, especially developing nations which have market structures where parts such as leg quarters command a relatively higher price and need to use these higher tariffs to defend this segment of their industry from imported products being sold below the cost of production.

Panama - Parts	293%
South Africa	100%+
India	100%
Egypt	80%
Nigeria	75%
Pakistan	70%
Honduras	70%

Tariff Rate Quotas - Other countries, especially several key poultry producers like the EU, Canada employ Tariff-Rate-Quotas systems which use high over-quota-tariffs and volumetric quotas to limit imports. Generally Over-Quota-Tariffs are especially high for poultry cuts, as is shown below.

Canada - Parts	271%
Mexico	240%
El Salvador - Parts	176%
Nicaragua - Parts	170%
Costa Rica - Parts	154%
Russia is seeking to establish a TRQ at	100%
Dominican Republic	99%
EU - Parts (1.00 E/Kg)	75%+

In addition Tariff-Rate-Quota systems restrict access beyond the use of tariffs as they allow for quotas to be issued for specific products, times or market actors as is shown later below.

• The Andean Community uses a variable duty systems which changes poultry duties every two weeks based on US prices and provides an effective duty of over 125%
• Egypt applies a duty of 80% on a reference price of 1,500 USD
• Thailand applies a duty of 45% and an import fee of 250 USD/ MT
• EU reclassified some products originating out of Thailand to allow greater seasoned poultry imports, under lower tariffs, but limited to access only to processors only.

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